WEATHER BASED GRAPE ADVISORY

WEATHER DATA FOR THE PREVAILING WEEK

Date of Foundation Pruning: 16/04/2022

Thursday (28/04/022)–Wednesday (04/05/2022)

Note: Above weather information is summary of weather forecasting given in following websites

https://www.wunderground.com/?cm_ven=cgi

https://imdagrimet.gov.in/weatherdata/BlockWindow.php

https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india

ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes does not claim accuracy of it.  

II. Water management (Dr. A.K. Upadhyay & Yukti Verma)

A)    Days after pruning : 11 days

B)    Pan evaporation : 7.5 to 9 mm

1.      During rest period, provide only need based irrigation to protect the existing leaves from drying and also it contribute towards increasing the reserves of the vines through photosynthetic activity.  The quantum of irrigation water applied should be approx. 7000 – 7500 L/ acre, once in a week, where the temperatures exceed 38°C, it should be applied every fourth day.  Care should be taken to reduce/stop the water in case new growth is observed on the shoot.

2.      After foundation pruning, during shoot growth stage, apply 12,750 – 15,300 L/acre per day of irrigation water.  If EC of the irrigation water is less than 1 dS/m, then apply 10,200 – 12,300 L/acre per day.

3.      In case vigour is more than desired, then reduce irrigation water application to 6,000 – 7,500 L/ acre.  Still if you are not able to control the vigour, stop irrigation till such time growth is controlled.

4.      Cover the cordons of the pruned vines with shadenet, if available, for uniform sprouting as well as reducing the irrigation water needs by 20-25 %.  Shadenet coverage will reduce the temperature impact on the cordons.  However, remove shadenet after 3-5 leaf stage.  If shadenet is not available, spray the cordons with water during the peak heat period i.e. 2-3 pm to reduce the heat effect on the buds.

5.      In case there is probability of less irrigation water availability, then flood the bund (not whole vineyard) at pruning and mulch the bunds.  Flooding the bund will reduce the accumulated salt load in the root zone and mulching will reduce the evaporation of water from soil surface.  Thus, this will reduce the salt load in the soil and at the same time saturate the soil leading to proper sprouting.  Further, in case less irrigation water is available still the newly emerging shoots will not be damaged due to salinity.

6.      In case the soil is under wapsa (field capacity) condition, donot irrigate the vineyard.

7.      During fruit bud differentiation stage, shoot vigour to be controlled and hence, the irrigation water applied should be from 5000 to 6000 L/ acre/ day.

8.      For fruit bud differentiation stage, stress needs to be given. In clayey soil as the water holding capacity is higher, please note that stress needs to be imposed early else fruitfulness will be affected.

9.      As the temperatures are increasing and wherever, its crossing 42-43°C, the irrigation water application during fruit bud differentiation could be near field capacity or wapsa condition. Objective is till that new growth should not be there.

10.  Practice mulching to keep the bunds moistened. This will reduce the salinity build up in the root zone due to evaporation of the moisture from the surface of the bund.

11.  Flooding the vineyard is not advised as it will lead to wastage of water.  Concentrate irrigation water application in the root zone only.

Rest Period

                          After the harvest of grapes during February – March, vine reserves are exhausted.  After foundation pruning, till photosynthetically active leaves are formed, it is the vine reserves that contribute to the growth and development of the vines. Hence, following is advised:

1.      Provide only need based irrigation to protect the existing leaves from drying and also contribute towards increasing the reserves of the vines through photosynthetic activity. 

2.      Apply 10-15 kg urea, 25-30 kg SSP and 10-15 kg Sulphate of Potash per acre every 15-20 days till foundation pruning is not done. 

3.      Flooding the vineyard is not advised as it will lead to wastage of water.  Concentrate irrigation water application in the root zone only.

Foundation pruning:

1.      If planning for foundation pruning in next 10- 15 days, it is advised to get soil and water analysed for planning nutrient and water application schedule for foundation pruning season.

2.      If soils are calcareous in nature, then apply 50 kg sulphur between the vines in the soil. The sulphur should be properly mixed in the soil for improving its efficacy in taking care of calcium carbonates.  Mixing of sulphur with FYM/ compost further improves its efficacy.

3.      The vineyards where sodicity problems are there, apply gypsum to the soil for removal of sodium from the soil exchange complex.  In case of calcareous soils, use sulphur for similar purpose.

Shoot growth stage:

1.    Apply 50 kg urea/ acre in 5-6 splits after sprouting.  In calcareous soils, donot apply urea, instead use Ammonium sulphate @ 85 kg/acre in atleast 7-8 splits from sprouting onwards.

2.    In case of vigorous growth of shoots, stop nitrogen application and wait for the growth to stabilize before resuming nitrogen application.  If still the growth continues, then reduce irrigation.  Then resume when growth is maintained at desired level.

3.    Based upon soil test value, apply Zinc sulphate @10 kg/acre along with Ferrous sulphate @10kg/acre followed by Magnesium sulphate @15kg/acre in atleast 2 splits during 5-7 leaf stage. Boron application should be strictly based upon soil and petiole test.

4.    In calcareous soils, spray magnesium sulphate and potassium sulphate @2 gm each/ L during active growing stage.

5.         Possibility of leaf curling, check the leaf margins, if slight to more yellow, possibility of potassium deficiency.  Foliar spray of SOP @ 3g/L followed by fertigation of 20-25 kg SOP/acre in 2 to 3 splits.

Fruit bud differentiation stage

1.        Based upon soil test values, apply 20 – 25 kg phosphoric acid or 150 kg SSP in case the soils are deficient in phosphorus.  Phosphoric acid application is desirable in calcareous soils. Donot apply beyond this until and unless the soil and petiole tests show low phosphorus availability.

2.        Donot apply any water soluble fertilizer having nitrogen.

3.        At 45 DAP, perform petiole test to know the nutrient content of the vines.  The petioles should be collected from 5th leaf from the base of the shoot even counting the leaves that have been removed.

4.        Apply Magnesium sulphate @ 15kg/ acre in atleast 2 splits from 45 to 55 DAP.

5.        In calcareous soils, spray magnesium sulphate and potassium sulphate @ 3 gm each/ L once only during 45 to 55 DAP.

6.        Keep a close watch on the development of leaf blackening symptoms if irrigation water contains sodium more than 100ppm.

7.        Possibility of leaf curling, check the leaf margins, if slight to more yellow, possibility of potassium deficiency.  Foliar spray of SOP @ 3-4g/L followed by fertigation of 20-25 kg SOP/acre in 2 to 3 splits.

III. Requirement of growth regulators (Dr. S.D. Ramteke)

-          NIL

IV. Canopy Management (Dr. R.G.Somkuwar)

During the last week, many grape vineyard experienced rainfall. Based on the present condition,  the management for different growth stages is suggested as below 

1.      In case of heavy rainfall and hailstorm, the growing shoot has been broken. 

2.      Spray copper fungicide @1.5 g per litre water/

3.      Under the situation of minor damage of hailstorm to the shoots, one spray of fungicide followed by trichoderma will help.

4.      Under the condition of severe damage,  pinch the shoot one bud below the damage and allow new shoot to grow.

5.      Under the condition of high rainfall,  the humidity build up will be more. This may impart high vigor.  

6.      The early pruned vineyards will be in fruit bud formation stage. Hence, application of phosphorus and potassium grade fertilizer should be applied through drip (3 to 4 kg per acre - once) and spray @ 2 to 2.5 g per litre water. 

7.      Application of Trichoderma through soil drenching and spray can help under increased relative humidity. 

8.      In just pruned vineyards,  the present rainfall and also cloudy weather will help for early and uniform bud sprouts. 

IV. Disease management (Dr. Sujoy Saha)

Trichoderma application through drip should be given before pruning. If pruning is completed in early pruned areas, cordon wash with mancozeb and sulphur should be done once. If in early sprouting stage one spray of copper oxychloride or copper hydroxide may be given @1.5-2g/l.

In many areas of Pandharpur, the harvest of previous crop is still due. Due to untimely rains, cracking along with rotting is seen in many plots. It is advised not to use any fungicides at this stage. A foliar application of chitosan@ 2ml/l may be given. If rotting is high, an application of Trichoderma @ 2-3ml/L may be given

V.    Insect and Mite management. (Dr. D.S. Yadav)

1.    Preventive spot plant wash with buprofezin 25 SC @ 1.25 ml per litre water with 1.5-2.0 litre water per plant just after pruning.

2.    Give preventive spray of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.4 ml per litre water at the time of bud sprouting after April pruning to manage flea beetle and mealybug shoot malformation.

3.    For flea beetle management, spray imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.4 ml per litre or fipronil 80 WG @ 0.06 g per litre or lambda cyhalothrin 4.9 CS @ 0.5 ml per litre water during early morning hours or late evening. If that is not found sufficient to manage flea beetle, give soil drenching of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1.5 ml per vine also.

4.    For thrips management in new vineyards after recut or new shoot growth after April pruning, give regular applications of effective insecticides such as spinosad 45 SC @ 0.25 ml/l, spinetoram 11.7 SC @ 0.3 ml/l, cyantraniliprole 10 OD @ 0.7 ml/l, emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.22g/l or fipronil 80 WG @ 0.0625 g/l water when thrips population is 5 per shoot or above.